Daffodils by William Wordsworth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Daffodils by William Wordsworth - Essay Example â€Å"Daffodils† takes one on the journey of the Romantic age, where one can find all the elements of love, passion, excitement, and praise for the blossoming fields occupied with waving daffodils. In Daffodils the poet narrates the story of his encounter with the God’s most beautiful creation, the daffodils. The first stanza describes the gloominess on the poets face when he is wandering pointlessly beside the lake surrounded by loneliness he notices a floating cloud in the sky, sweeping above the valleys and the hills. And then his eyes meet a large number of daffodils gathered by the side of the lake. Sheltered by a growing tree the daffodils were glowing and gleaming like gold. The constant push of the airy breeze was making them dance in joy and delight. The yellow sheet of daffodils made the entire atmosphere vibrant and full of life. The line: â€Å"A host, of golden daffodils† describes the richness to the color of the flower. Gold is a highly treasured piece of metal, very rare on earth. The poet gives the same status to daffodils which beauty has captured the attention of the poet. According to the poet, the aligned daffodils resemble the shining stars up in the night sky in the form of Milky Way, enlightening the entire space with their glow and imperfection. The use of night sky to describe the imperfection of daffodils can be explained by the example of darkness in a closed room; darkness is associated with loneliness and despair, but as the moonlight enters the room it suddenly lights up and the feeling of isolation is gone. As the poet glance at the dancing daffodils, he also lights up from within and is unable to escape the feeling of joy. The power of daffodils accentuates the entire atmosphere and the waves of the lake also start to dance with them.  

Cost of delivery Essay Example for Free

Cost of delivery Essay 1. The chain stores’ request to reduce cycle time by shipping directly to the stores would seriously affect the service model and delivery costs for BKI. Because, the proposed model would mean that BKI would have to process more number of deliveries in smaller quantities and transport them separately to each store. Cost of delivery will increase due to smaller quantities to be delivered directly to stores resulting in more trips, farther distances and lower economies of scale. This is in complete contrast to the more structured and systematic current model of weekly deliveries of standard quantities to the stores’ warehouses. 2. In my opinion, Joe Rutner’s proposal of establishing a set of six company-owned facilities to act as regional DCs seems to be a step in the right direction for taking on the supply chain requirements of BKI’s customers in the future. Rather than dismissing this store’s request as a one-off case and handling it on a temporary basis, Rutner has proposed a solution that is likely to take the company forward into the future. He understands that the retail stores are themselves are looking to cut costs by improving their inventory and supply chain management and such requests would become common from most if not all of the existing customers. Moreover the new retail stores mushrooming in the market are likely to have less regional facilities and would need the proposed arrangement from BKI. 3. The matter of ownership of these facilities is very important for the success of this proposed supply chain arrangement as the management of BKI needs to study the long term impact of the costs involved. In the long term it would be better if BKI goes for direct ownership of the facilities as it would benefit the profitability of the operations by keeping the costs of maintenance lower than those involved in the alternatives such as co-owned or franchisee structure. However, the management will have to consider the availability of capital resources if it opts for direct ownership. The capital required for the facilities could be lowered to an extent by going for rented building rather than constructing new premises. This would decrease the time required to implement the new proposal also.

Chillingworth as Hero of Nathaniel Hawthornes Scarlet Letter? Essay

Chillingworth as Hero of The Scarlet Letter? The Scarlet Letter is a story about human reaction to circumstances and the justification behind these actions. Each of the central characters in the novel represents a side of an extremely serious situation, adultery. Each of the characters has a certain amount of justification behind their actions and each searches for a way to rise out of his/her condition. Roger Chillingworth himself represents revenge. Some even believe him to be representative of evil or Satan. What is ignored in the cases of interpreting him as Satan or as evil is the fact that he has been cruelly wronged by both Hester and Dimmesdale. Because Hester and Dimmesdale are portrayed as protagonists in the novel, Chillingworth is automatically classified, because of his opposition towards the two, as antagonist. He is not actually this at all when regarded without the negative connotations under which he is crushed within the book. Hester and Chillingworth were married before the beginning of the novel. Chillingworth, previous to his marriage, was a completely introvert man. "I - a man of thought - the bookworm of great libraries - a man already in decay, having given my best years to feed the hungry dream of knowledge... I came out of the vast and dismal forest and entered this settlement of Christian men, the very first object to meet my eyes would be thyself, Hester Prynne...." (52-53) Chillingworth saw Hester, after emerging from a great period of solitude, as a symbol of life. He regarded her as almost a savior. ... ...om doing what is right. Chillingworth is actually attempting to keep his essence. He is ruined without his revenge. Defeated, purposeless, Chillingworth soon dies after Dimmesdale's confession. Chillingworth's source of happiness, Hester, has been taken away along with his chance at reprisal. It is far too easy for a reader of The Scarlet Letter to simply brand Chillingworth as evil. The reader must pay attention to the complexities of the position which Chillingworth is forced into to understand that he is not evil or bad, at least not completely. Chillingworth is only a human put into a terrible position which he reacts to. In fact, it is not beyond reach to say that under his circumstances, Chillingworth was actually the hero, the protagonist; and Hester and Dimmesdale are the true villains.

Promethean Myth :: Essays Papers

Promethean Myth Discuss the relationship between Prometheus and Faustus, paying particular attention to the use of cultural myth. The beautiful fables of the Greeks, being proper creations of the imagination and not of the fancy, are universal verities. What a range of meanings and what perpetual pertinence has the story of Prometheus. Ralph Waldo Emerson. The influence and legacy of the Promethean myth can be traced through history. From Hesiod to Shakespeare, Marlowe to the Coen Brothers, the Promethean motif has been reused and recycled until it holds a distinctly familiar, yet strangely obscure grip on the imagination. What is the reality behind this myth and how does our own contemporary reality compare with a three thousand year old Greek fable? One aspect that we can relate to is the impotence of Prometheus. This is highlighted in Marlowe’s Dr Faustus; this impotence is inextricably linked with the conflict between the representatives of man (Prometheus and Faustus) against a superior power. To explore these links, it is first prudent to trace the history and influence of the Promethean myth. The history of this recognised cultural myth is difficult to ascertain, certainly Aeschylus loosely based his play on Hesiod’s two poems Theogony and The works and Days, but where can the origin of such a fable be found? History tells us that the early civilisations made sacrifices to their various â€Å"Gods†; an animal would be butchered, the fat, bones and entrails would be wholly burnt and the smoke would ascend heavenward. The meat could then be eaten thus ensuring no waste. Hesiod’s version of the myth about Prometheus’s and Zeus’s choice seems to have been composed to explain why people didn’t have to burn the parts that were good to eat (an etiologic myth). This is just one example, however, of the fire creation story which can be traced throughout many early global cultures, from Norse to Aboriginal: witness Krishna’s claims that â€Å"Brahma is the bringer of light for rebirth† in Indian mythology. James F razer gives many examples about the original theft of fire from a wide variety of cultures in his essay . There is no doubt that the Promethean tradition has become an everyday aspect of literary and artistic society: Shakespearean lines such as â€Å"Women’s eyes are the source of true Promethean fire† to â€Å"And faster bound to Aaron’s charming eyes, than is Prometheus tied to the Caucaus† 4 illustrate this, (Nietzsche also argues that Hamlet is a Dionysiac Promethean hero)5 .

Occupy Wall Street

Occupy Wall Street Michelle W. November 4, 2012 Title of Paper Discuss the moral and economic implications involved in the movement. The Occupy Wall Street Movement began September 17, 2011, in the Liberty Square of Zuccotti Park located in New York City. The protest is against corporations that take advantage of the economic poor and social inequalities, corruption, greed, and the excessive power of corporations on government over the democratic process.The group Occupy Wall Street has spread globally to over 1500 cities, they are demonstrating against the destructive powers of major banks and multinational corporations. These powers have influenced the government to bail them out, then turn around and make multimillion dollar profits which has created an economic collapse. The protest is against the 1% group, which refers to banks, the mortgage industry, the insurance industry, which leaves the 99% that aren’t in the multimillion dollar profit groups we are the made of the e veryday people, the little guy.Occupy Wall Street protestors viewed the dominant rich as those who exploited their way to the top. OWS suggested that it was the taxpayers who had to bail the large companies out after they caused the collapse of the economy (Haidt, 2012). Analyze each of the implications identified above against the utilitarian, Kantian, and virtue ethics to determine which theory best applies to the movement. Support your position with examples and evidence. Utilitarian is the moral doctrine that we should always act to produce the greatest possible balance of good over bad for everyone affected by our actions.The greatest happiness of all constitutes the standard that determines whether an action is right or wrong. Our belief that we are individuals and society is the net result of our choices. For example, the practice of blowing up rocks to release underground natural gas would not be permitted near residential areas if energy complaints did not make large campai gn contributions (Cohan, 2011). Determine who is responsible for income inequality and wealth distribution in the U. S. in your analysis, make sure to include if this is something that happened suddenly or if it built up over time.Explain you rationale. Suggest an equitable outcome from the movement that would be appropriate for our capitalistic society. It has been said that the OWS movement is a big hypocrisy. That it is a large number of Americans that are rich by the world’s standards that we are not satisfied being paid what we value our work is worth on the global market. That now we are complainers, unable to care for ourselves, since we no longer have our parent to cry to, so now we are groveling to government and the successful businesses (Erich, 2012).Predict whether the movement will continue, fade away, or turn into something else. Provide a rationale with your response. Within the months since the movement began, they have lost their momentum and are drifting far ther away. The movement has been driven off the streets by law enforcement; protestors are being arrested and evicted by the thousands, a very visible steep decline. This has left OWS without any operations in many cities and forced the thousands of protestors to defend themselves in courts, which in turn has kept many from returning to the streets.OWS does not have the leadership structure which makes it difficult to interact in conventional political organizing to support their legislators and Congress like the Tea Party. Most of the activists are upset with politicians; they do not see the electoral politics as the best direction for OWS, therefore complicating matters for the movement’s efforts even more (Haidt, 2012) . References Haidt, J. (2012, April 10). The moral foundations of occupy wall street. Retrieved from http://reason. com/archives/2011/10/20/the-moral-foundations-of-occup Stolarik, R. 2012, September 17). Occupy movement (occupy wall street). Retrieved Nov. 3, 2012 http://topics. nytimes. com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/o/occupy_wa ll_street/index. html Erich, R. (2012, May 09). The occupy wall street movement: How they could do it the right way. Retrieved November 3, 2012 http://roberterich. hubpages. com/hub/The-Occupy-Wall-Street-Movement-How-They-Could-Do-It-the-Right-Way Cohan, P. (2011, October 10). What is occupy wall street?. Retrieved from www. forbes. com/sites/petecohan/2011/10/10/what-is-occupy-wall-street-print/

Nerve-Winged Insects, Order Neuroptera

Nerve-Winged Insects, Order Neuroptera The order Neuroptera includes an interesting cast of six-legged characters: alderflies, dobsonflies, fishflies, snakeflies, lacewings, antlions, and owlflies. The order name derives from the Greek neuron, meaning sinew or cord, and ptera, meaning wings. Though we refer to this group as the nerve-winged insects, their wings arent laced with sinews or nerves at all, but instead with branching veins and crossveins. Description: The nerve-winged insects vary enough that some entomologists divide them into three distinct orders (Neuroptera, Megaloptera, and Raphidioptera). Ive elected to use the classification system outlined in Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, and consider them as a single order with three suborders: Suborder Megaloptera - alderflies, dobsonflies, and fishflies Suborder Raphidioptera - snakeflies Suborder Planipennia - dusty-wings, lacewings, mantidflies, spongillaflies, antlions, and owlflies Adult nerve-winged insects typically have two pairs of membranous wings, all nearly equal in size, and with many veins. Specifically, most Neuropteran wings have abundant crossveins near the leading edge of the wings, between the costa and subcosta, and parallel branches off the radial sector (see this diagram of wing venation if youre unfamiliar with these terms). Insects in this order have chewing mouthparts and filiform antennae with many segments. In general, nerve-winged insects are weak fliers. The larvae are elongate, with squared heads and long thoracic legs. Most larvae of nerve-winged insects are predaceous, with chewing mouthparts to consume their prey. Nerve-winged insects undergo complete metamorphosis, with four life stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. In the Planipennia, they produce silk from their Malpighian tubules. The silk is extruded from the anus and used to spin a cocoon. All other nerve-winged insects have naked pupae. Habitat and Distribution: Nerve-winged insects live worldwide, with roughly 5,500 species known from 21 families. Most insects in this order are terrestrial. The larvae of alderflies, dobsonflies, fishflies, and spongillaflies are aquatic, and inhabit rivers and streams. Adults in these families tend to reside near water. Major Families in the Order: Sialidae - alderfliesCorydalidae – dobsonflies and fishfliesMantispidae - mantidfliesHemerobiidae – brown lacewings Chrysopidae – common lacewingsMyrmeleontidae - antlionsAscalaphidae – owlflies Families and Genera of Interest: Antlion larvae often go by the nickname doodlebugs. They build pitfall traps in the soil to ensnare ants and other prey.Spongillafly larvae prey on freshwater sponges.Larvae of mantidflies are parasites of spider egg sacs.Some lacewings camouflage themselves by attaching woolly aphid carcasses to their backs. This enables them to live among the aphids without being detected.Green lacewing females place each of their eggs on a long, think stalk which is itself attached to a leaf. This is thought to help keep the eggs out of reach of predators. Sources: Insects - Their Natural History and Diversity, by Stephen A. MarshallBorror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. JohnsonNeuroptera, by Dr. Jon Meyer, North Carolina State University, accessed December 6, 2012Order Neuroptera - Antlions, Lacewings and Allies, BugGuide.Net , accessed December 6, 2012

Proofreaders vs. Robots 5 Benefits of the Human Touch

Proofreaders vs. Robots 5 Benefits of the Human Touch Proofreaders vs. Robots: 5 Benefits of the Human Touch Robots haven’t gotten us into a Terminator-style doomsday situation yet, even if Stephen Hawking is panicking about the potential of Skynet arising in the future. Whats so scary? Look how cute they are! [Image: Stephen Bowler/wikimedia] But computers – more specifically, automatic spellcheckers, like the one in Microsoft Word – are sometimes tricky so-and-sos, even when they’re supposed to be helping us! How? Automated spellcheckers, though sometimes useful, can overlook errors in your work, or even find errors where there are none! This is why the services offered by human proofreaders are so important for ensuring your writing is error-free! 1. Computers Miss Important Errors†¦ The most important advantage that a human proofreader has over a computer is that automatic spellcheckers miss important errors. This is often the case with proper nouns and academic terminology, which aren’t always included in Microsoft Word’s dictionary. The spellchecker might even try to change these terms to ones it recognizes as you write. And we’ve all seen how problematic autocorrect can be when messaging someone! Whoops. [Image: Meaghan OMalley/flickr] 2. Word Choice Another thing a computer can’t do but human proofreaders can is advise you on word choice. Sometimes this is simply pointing out when an incorrect term occurs, such as â€Å"grate† instead of â€Å"great,† as automatic spellcheckers frequently overlook such errors. Other times it’s about ensuring the correct tone of voice in your work by choosing suitably academic language. And that needs someone who understands academic writing. So until someone sends Clippit the Paperclip to college, Microsoft can’t help you! 3. Structure and Flow Here, again, computers simply aren’t equipped to offer advice. A human proofreader, on the other hand, will be able to provide helpful feedback on the structure of your written work and the general flow of your prose. These things ensure readability, so they can’t be ignored. 4. Consistency Another shortcoming of automatic spellcheckers is that they don’t give a damn about consistency, so won’t let you know if you’ve used different spellings of the same word in a document. Nor will they know to look out for consistent referencing in a document. But a lack of consistency affects the quality of your work, so you need the expert eye of a human proofreader! We like to take a real close look. 5. Formatting and Presentation You know what else computers don’t care about? Presentation. But how your written work looks can affect its clarity, as well as the first impression you give your reader. A human proofreader will not only help ensure that your work is tidily presented, but can also apply a range of formatting options to give it a truly professional finish. Together, these factors make human proofreaders infinitely superior to spellchecking software. When Microsoft Word can do all of the above automatically, as well as correct your spelling, maybe we’ll finally admit that Stephen Hawking was right.

Mujahideen (Definition)

Mujahideen (Definition) Definition: A mujahid is one who strives or struggles on behalf of Islam; mujahideen is the plural of the same word. The word mujahid is an Arabic participle drawn from the same root as the Arabic word jihad, to strive or struggle. The term is most frequently used in reference to the self named Afghan mujahideen, the guerrilla fighters who battled the Soviet army from 1979 – 1989, when the Soviets withdrew in defeat. The Soviets invaded in December, 1979 in order to provide support a recently installed pro-Soviet prime minister, Babrak Karmal. The mujahideen were fighters from the mountainous areas of the largely rural country, and also maintained bases in Pakistan. They were entirely independent of the government. Mujahideen fought under the command of tribal leaders, who also headed Islamist political parties, which ranged from radical to moderate. The mujahideen received arms by way of Pakistan and Iran, both of which share a border. They made use of an arsenal of guerrilla tactics to thwart the Soviets, such as laying ambushes or blowing up gas pipelines between the two countries. They were estimated to be about 90,000 strong in the mid-1980s. The Afghan mujahideen were not seeking to wage an aggressive jihad beyond national boundaries, but were rather fighting a nationalist war against an occupier. The language of Islam helped unify a population that was- and still isotherwise very heterogonous: Afghans have many tribal, ethnic and linguistic differences. After the war ended in 1989, these different factions returned to their previous divisiveness and fought each other, until the Taliban established rule in 1991. These unorganized guerrilla warriors were viewed as outlaws by their Soviet enemy and as freedom fighters by the Reagan Administration in the U.S., which supported the enemy of its enemy, the Soviet Union. Alternate Spellings: mujahedeen, mujahedin

Scrutinising a company report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Scrutinising a company report - Essay Example Certain challenges are also plaguing the industry, and these could have an impact on how corporate social responsibility is implemented; jet fuel prices have doubled over the past decade. Therefore, airlines now need to consider sustainable fuels over the long haul; some organisations are already considering this alternative but are to implement it fully. Low cost airlines are driving up competition because of the need for faster and less costly aviation transport, so bigger organisations need to find a way of adding quality in service provision. Rising customer expectations as many of them have now become more informed through the internet also couples this need. Buyers are demanding more sustainable business from organisations, so aviation stakeholders need to rise to challenge and meet this need (Esty and Winston, 2006). Some entities believe that environmental sustainability is an oxymoron in the aviation/ airline sector because carbon emissions are appallingly high. Some travellers are responding to this fact by using other means of transport, selecting direct flights, or using companies that are the most sustainable. CSR is an important factor for most Britons as they care about how well businesses take care of their environment or their community (Werther & Chandler, 2006). Reporting is expected for several businesses in the UK as the public demands accountability from major service providers like British Airways. BA’s three core statements on sustainability are: mitigating environmental impact, becoming a responsible employer or business and enriching community livelihoods. In 2013, the company did plenty of things to show how far it is willing to go in the sustainability journey. In business operations, the company introduced seven new Boeing and Airbus planes because they are more efficient and quieter than the conventional models. The firm also wants to reduce

The change in Eighth Amendment cruel and unusual punishment standards Research Paper

The change in Eighth Amendment cruel and unusual punishment standards in death penalty cases since Furman v. Georgia (1972) - Research Paper Example Here, courts need to look for factors on how to change the standards of community and also come up with independent evaluation if the statutes are reasonable. For instance, in the case of Furman V. Georgia, the jury invalidated the death penalty regulation at that time because they constituted the unusual punishment and cruelty against the eighth amendment. The eighth amendment is an American amendment that bars or prevents the government from practices that may result to the violation of the freedom of people (Smith, 2010). It prevents the government from imposing cruel and unusual punishment such as torture and excess bails and fines. This amendment was adopted as early as 1791. Death sentence is a practice of the state where people are sentenced to death due to the magnitude of their crime. It is also commonly referred to as capital punishment. Overtime death penalty was not highly considered as a violation of this amendment. There were no vivid cases that had being presented there before to show the brutality of death sentence and how it imposed cruel and unusual punishment to people. This was until 1972 when a United State Supreme Court decision called the Furman v. Georgia was ruled. The case had being presented by three black men including Furman who had being sentenced to death. In this ruling, the court declared that death penalty violated the eighth amendment. However the court did not view death penalty as a cruel and unusual punishment. The case led to a de facto moratorium on capital punishment. The court argued that the manner in which the death sentences were being imposed was capricious. People were being sentenced to death in an erratic manner. However this ruling by the court was not taken well by the country. People argued that there are some crimes whose best solution was a death sentence. In 1976 the court reviewed the case due to statutes presented by the states of

Critique of quantative research article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critique of quantative research article - Essay Example In HFHS, the candidate is evaluated using their reaction to a human like a mannequin that responds to external stimuli like a real patient would. The study used two other evaluation methods to augment the results of VTV and HFHS in relation to critical thinking. These were the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI) and California Critical Thinking Skill Test (CCTST). CCTDI and CCTST join the link between physical performance and the mental capacity engaged in this type of response. The study aims at establishing if there is a link between critical thinking and the overall performance of a practicing nurse in the real world clinical situations. This is done by comparing the performance scores in HFHS and VTV assessments and determining if there is a relationship between simulations based performances and critical thinking. In the nursing profession, there is the need for a high degree of competency in handling medical situations and emergencies. How a nurse respond s to a situation is meaningful for a patient’s recovery or their demise. The proper identification of a problem and the appropriate subsequent response to the problem is linked to how effective that person is at handling such situations, and it has been linked to a person’s state of mind. ... The assessment of critical thinking through the use of question and answer methods fail to bring out the actual capability of a nurse in a real clinical situation. They do help to gauge their cognitive abilities, but do not show their level performance, in a practical scenario, where their actions and judgments are required immediately to save a life. The development of simulated assessment methods present a better method of assessing the performance of an individual, and it makes it easier for them to provide rationale, for their actions because simulations engage multiple sensory pathways making them dynamic, thus giving the nurse a variety of options to choose from, in regards to the one that is best suited for the situation at hand. Videotape vignettes (VTV) is an assessment method that requires a test candidate to watch a video where an actor assumes the condition of a patient suffering from a specific ailment and the candidate writes down how they would respond in such a situat ion and reasons supporting their decisions. In the assessment method of High fidelity Human Simulation (HFHS), the candidate is exposed to controlled experimental type scenario where a human like mannequin that can respond to external stimuli is programmed to mimic a person who is suffering from a certain ailment. The candidate’s performance is evaluated by gauging how they handle the ‘patient’ and what type of actions they initiate to mitigate the unfolding situation. To be able to gauge the critical thinking capacity of candidate accurately, these assessments are coupled to California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI) and California Critical Thinking Skill Test (CCTST) as a way of trying to create a link between

Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd Essay

Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd - Essay Example The purchase and installation were conducted and within a few days of ordinary usage and subsequent airing, the flue overheated and ignited some nearby towels starting a fire. Expert evidence (see the annexed report by Robert Brown) that the flue failed to comply with British Standard specifications, and that the defendant was negligent in fitting the flue in the claimant’s cupboard thereby exposing the flue to the accumulation of dangerous temperatures. The defendants basically admit these failures only remarking that they had discharged their responsibility to the plaintiff by warning of the danger of using the flue in close proximity to articles of clothing. By virtue of Rule 24 of the Civil Procedure Code 1998 the claimant’s application for summary judgment is required to show that the defendant’s answer to the claim contains a) no real prospect of success; and b) there is no other substantial or compelling reason why the case should be disposed of in a trial.1 By virtue of Practice Direction 24, summary judgment can be obtained in one of the following three situations:- It is important to note that the court will make its determination based on ‘the evidence which can reasonably be expected to be available at trial or the lack of it’.3 Since the defendant purports to be relying only on the strength of the contract itself in evidence, it will have no evidence capable of contradicting the claimants charge that the flue and its subsequent was negligent. The basis of this claim is founded on the principles enshrined in the tort of negligence rather than any contractual terms and is tantamount to no defense at all.

Diversity Day Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Diversity Day Analysis - Essay Example invest in diversity training in order to educate their employees about the different cultures so as to inculcate an appreciation of diversity and to reduce incoherence within the workforce. In the Diversity Day episode of The Office, a diversity training consultant, Mr. Brown arrives at the Dunder-Mifflin Paper Co., Inc in order to educate its staff about diversity and cultural tolerance. The diversity training is necessitated by the imitation of Chris Rock’s comedy routine called ‘Niggas v. Black People’ by Michael, which offends the staff due to its racist joke. This act prompts the corporate management to call for a diversity day seminar in order to teach the staff about racial tolerance. Ironically, after the diversity trainer and consultant, Mr. Brown arrives, Michael seems to steal the center stage when in fact the training was actually meant for him. In the diversity training session, Mr. Brown continuously tries to make an effort to create cultural sensitivity among the staff workers so as to generate a feeling of cultural Enlightment by putting each staff in the shoes of a co-worker with a different race. Here, the purpose is to spark tolerance and appreciation of the diversity present at most workplaces. Mr. Brown means to spur realization of other racial sentiments and hence greater tolerance for other races. A constantly interrupted diversity session that Mr. Brown holds, aims to present an insightful experience for the staff members. His speech talks about the cultural variations and tries to generate a more coherent feeling among the workers going beyond racial stereotypes. Mr. Brown shows much tolerance after Michael says that Mr. Brown really is his name, implying the coherence between Mr. Brown’s name and his African American origins. By displaying tolerance to many of Michael’s racist remarks, he tries to demonstrate how diversity training involves appreciation and recognition of the varied staff workers. In a varied workforce, it is

Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd Essay

Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd - Essay Example The purchase and installation were conducted and within a few days of ordinary usage and subsequent airing, the flue overheated and ignited some nearby towels starting a fire. Expert evidence (see the annexed report by Robert Brown) that the flue failed to comply with British Standard specifications, and that the defendant was negligent in fitting the flue in the claimant’s cupboard thereby exposing the flue to the accumulation of dangerous temperatures. The defendants basically admit these failures only remarking that they had discharged their responsibility to the plaintiff by warning of the danger of using the flue in close proximity to articles of clothing. By virtue of Rule 24 of the Civil Procedure Code 1998 the claimant’s application for summary judgment is required to show that the defendant’s answer to the claim contains a) no real prospect of success; and b) there is no other substantial or compelling reason why the case should be disposed of in a trial.1 By virtue of Practice Direction 24, summary judgment can be obtained in one of the following three situations:- It is important to note that the court will make its determination based on ‘the evidence which can reasonably be expected to be available at trial or the lack of it’.3 Since the defendant purports to be relying only on the strength of the contract itself in evidence, it will have no evidence capable of contradicting the claimants charge that the flue and its subsequent was negligent. The basis of this claim is founded on the principles enshrined in the tort of negligence rather than any contractual terms and is tantamount to no defense at all.

Final Exam in Principles of Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Final Exam in Principles of Sociology - Essay Example The lungs of the asthma patients shrink considerably, and when they breathe they feel like ‘breathing through a straw’. Stratification makes it difficult for many asthma patients to receive timely health care and many low income class people find it almost impossible to afford effective treatments for the disease. The huge amount of money spent on medical treatment and medical bills make it impossible for them to have other necessities of life such as good hosing and healthy living conditions. All these add to their personal troubles and miseries. An understanding of Mills’ perception of the sociological imagination is important in understanding the macro-level forces that contribute to public issues like asthma. Mills perceives sociological imagination as a way of thinking that believes that human behavior is shaped through social interaction; according to him, one’s personal experiences are always linked to the social contexts such as the prevailing milieu, the connection between history and biography, and the realization that one’s personal troubles are often the results of public issues of social culture. He believes that the sociological imagination would enable one to â€Å"understand the larger historical scene in terms of its meaning from the inner life and the external career of a variety of individuals† (Cargan & Ballantine 30). The social forces that contribute to asthma are the unequal distribution of power and income, the psychological and social constraints that the asthma patients ar e subject to in the American society. While medical practitioners hold that asthma can be prevented through â€Å"right medication, clean air, and a reasonably stress-free life†, many low-income asthma patients feel that this is â€Å"both well-intentioned and useless† (Corbett 59). The low-income asthma patients are very often unable to pay the huge amount of medical bills and these unpaid medical bills cause mental and psychological

A Brief Survey and Analysis on Procrastination Among Undergrads Essay Example for Free

A Brief Survey and Analysis on Procrastination Among Undergrads Essay In this survey, we developed a set of questions asking students in the unit of a dormitory. We asked individual students to assess their degree of procrastination, the specific occasions when they have significant sign of procrastination and their difficulties in solving the problem. We then asked them to think about one of two occasions when they were highly productive in order to see and compare what serves for and against their procrastination. Then, choosing the dormitory as a whole sample, we asked students to name one of them who is most productive generally, and asked them if they’ve noticed the difference and invited them to figure out the reason for this difference in productivity. In this way, we have managed to attain a number of individual samples to analyze their procrastination as well as group samples from which we may conclude the peer influences in this group of students. Results Based on the various results of individual survey, we have selected and categorized several typical cases presented in the form of case study as follows. Case 1: Procrastination with Trivial Things In one of the dormitory we carried out the survey, a student lost his key but just refused to get another one. Instead, he phones his roommates to open the door for him when he can’t enter, causing much trouble to his roommates. Another student we surveyed was said to have kept his dirty cloths for ages and not want to wash them simply because of the cold weather. Everyone may be reluctant with specific tasks for various reasons, especially boring and time-consuming work such as laundry. Case 2: A Whole Night in Dormitory without Finishing Homework Many of the students we surveyed mentioned their low-productivity in the dormitory. Often is the case when students find the clock ticks time away without awareness of what they have just done. In this case, distraction in dormitories plays an important role in students’ procrastination. With roommates playing games, listening to music or simply just walking around, it calls for great effort to stay focused. And it is even worse when there is work to be done on the computer with access to the Internet, as there is much more distraction online such as games, videos, IMs and SNS, which can easily attracts students from what they should be doing. Case 3: Perfectionism Perfectionism is another classical cause for procrastination. Students who want to have a perfect outcome often turn out to find nowhere to start, fearing that they would screw things up. Being back and forth with the project ahead may also lower his self-esteem and then possibly put him into a vicious circle of low self-esteem-caused procrastination. Case 4: Endless Entertainment No matter if it’s Sitcoms, SNS or computer games, many students have at least one type of entertainment from which they can tear away from. Many students surveyed mentioned the very typical scenario when they tell themselves to start working by six but still enjoying the â€Å"last† episode or round hours later. With more and more distraction and entertainment around, students show much more difficulty to stay focused without external control. Case 5: Vicious Circle From what we have learned from the survey, it is rather easy to fall into a vicious circle because of procrastination, which in turn worsens one’s procrastination. Many students will feel depressed and low mood because they’ve left too much of tasks behind and therefore cannot focus, suffer low-productivity, thus undermining their self-esteem and making it harder to accomplish the tasks next time. Case 6: Wrong Reward Many experts suggest setting a period of time for oneself when he or she focuses the tasks at hand. Then reward him or herself for having concentrated during this period. This may serve to build up one’s self-esteem and concentration with the time period set longer and longer. But there are cases in which the rewards are too appealing (for example one’s favorite game) that students either hurry to finish the task simply to enjoy the reward with poor quality or get stuck with the reward and keep excusing himself for extending the time, which holds up later schedule and puts him back to procrastination. Case 7: Enjoying the Last-Minute-Accomplishment Some of the students surveyed admitted that after accomplishing their tasks right before the deadline for several of times, they become fond of this kind of schedule and planning. These students often achieve extraordinarily high productivity during the last minutes with results turning out to be not bad. Students therefore become dependent on this external driving force and used to completing tasks in the last-minute. General Analysis In the cases described above, we can see that lack of self-control is a very dominant cause for procrastination. How well can a person resist his temptation, control his entertainment and avoid distraction largely affects his degree of procrastination. There are also certain psychological mechanisms contributive to one’s procrastination. Noticeably, these many of the causes mentioned above are inter-connected, meaning there’s hardly an easy one-way solution to procrastination. Discussion From the specific cases mentioned above, we can already spot some of the causes for procrastination. Furthermore, these causes are often also related. We will first further discuss the different causes for procrastination in this section and then specially analyze the peer influences in the scope of procrastination. Peer Influences on Procrastination From the group samples we’ve collected in the survey, we analyzed the cases when students become either more or less productive because of their peer and concluded three major types of peer influence on procrastination. Competition In one of the dormitories we’ve surveyed, one student who completes tasks much faster than his roommates has been nominated as the most productive and executive. When asked about his productivity, he attributed it to his competition with his high school classmate. Another student also mentioned what he heard form friend in Qinghua University where students in a dormitory are highly competitive and look up to the best and fastest, which creates an atmosphere of positive competition driving each one to speed up and work hard. We believe that competition is one of the most effective external driving forces apart from the looming deadline itself. Though there isn’t necessarily a competitive atmosphere, it is not very hard to look for a peer to compete with so as to urge and encourage each other. Peer Reference Peer reference here indicates the psychology when one looks on his peer to excuse himself from not working. Many people may have this kind of voice echoing in the mind: â€Å"It’s OK. Nick hasn’t started yet. Leave it some other day!† What’s worse, some students admitted that in order to keep this excuse valid, they often do not urge the other one to start working purposely but join in him dragging the to-do list instead. We believe that this overlooking and following of peer procrastination is due to lack of . And this crowd psychology in many cases contributes to the atmosphere of procrastination. On the other hand, it is rather crucial for the one with higher productivity to actively urge and influence his peers to prevent procrastination as a â€Å"shepherd†. Peer Pressure Throughout our survey, some students with low productivity turn out to be surprisingly efficient in team work, because they feel compelled to fulfill their share of responsibility in a team working on a same goal otherwise they will hold up the whole schedule. Therefore, it is crucial for team leaders to set a common goal and emphasize the importance of every individual’s work. However, this peer influence doesn’t always work as there are always irresponsible people in a team. Summary From the interconnected influences discussed above, peers do have certain influence on procrastination, either positively or negatively. When one wants to drag things on, others’ procrastination can be a good justification. However, it appears a little harder to impose positive influences on procrastination as it calls for certain mechanism, i.e. competition, peer urging or team cooperation. And the conclusion can be safely drawn that when there are more mechanisms functioning, individuals are easier to prevent his or her procrastination with the assistance of his peers. Therefore, apart from one’s own effort, actively seeking positive peer influence is also a good solution. Recommendations True as it is that solving procrastination needs multiple methods, we will elaborate our recommendations in a separate way so that students with different types of procrastination can find the suitable solution for his particular case more easily. While the methods are many, the philosophy behind is simple: actively seeking external influence. And specific methods are elaborated as follows. Avoid Distraction/Disturbance For students finding it hard to concentrate and work effectively, we recommend they go to the library, classrooms or other quiet places for serious business. One may also turn off the cell phones to further avoid any distraction or disturbance. For those who find themselves often wasting hours on games (either computer games like DotA or video games on little gadgets like Angry Birds) or surfing, it is also a good idea to go somewhere else to work or study, leaving anything that can distract you back in the dormitory or locked up. Peer Influence As discussed earlier, peer influence does play certain roles in the scope of procrastination. So to find a right peer who pushes you to work hard or poses challenge as a competitor is also a solution to procrastination. Or maybe, as some researchers suggest, pre-commitment supervised by peers is also a good idea. You can simply post on your SNS sites that you will finish your thesis in a week or not visiting renren.com for 5 days and encourage your friends to see if you make it. Technical Assistance Sometimes you have to use the computer or the Internet to do some research or write an essay when you cannot leave them away. How to avoid the temptations to click on the button? There are certain applications or extensions that help you control your time. For example, stayfocused is a Google Chrome browser extension which limit your visit to certain sites such as Facebook (well, the GFW has already done the favor), renren.com or tudoou.com etc which can easily suck hours out of your schedule. Once you set the time limit, you cannot change it that day. And if you try to change the limit when the allowed time is running out? Small windows will keep popping up to ask you if you’re sure to change the limit and not cheating. And even link to an article on procrastination as you finally clicked â€Å"yes†. This is just one example of the use of technology on the fight against procrastination.

The Principles Of Classicist And Positivist Criminology Criminology Essay

The Principles Of Classicist And Positivist Criminology Criminology Essay Classicist and positivists do share some principles however it can be said that they oppose each other to an extent. Classicist criminology is an approach which looks at the idea of rational action and free will. This approach was developed in the eighteenth century and early nineteenth century whereby they intended to produce a criminal justice system that was clear and legitimate and was based on everyone being equal. Positivist criminology is founded by the notion of scientific understanding of crime and criminality, the basic concept is based on the idea that behaviour is determined. There are two types of positivism that try to seek the explanation of crime and deviancy and they are biological positivism and psychological positivism. The origins of positivism and the two interrelated developments were from the nineteenth century. This writing will attempt to explain to what extent Classicist and Positivist criminology oppose each other and to explore if they share any similarities with each other. In order to do this, certain factors will be addressed in order to answer this question to see how much they oppose each other and what they share. The factors which will be looked at are where these theories first derived from, human nature of the offender, definition of crime, the focus of analysis, cause of crime, the response to the crime, crime prevention and operation of the criminal justice system. In the eighteenth century many tried to seek the understanding and would question the natural laws of society. Cesare Beccaria had observed the social contract as being selfish. Believing that law should be limited as much as possible also prohibit actions which would increase instead of decreasing crime. Beccaria had examined administration of criminal justice where he had believed the rights of offenders are protected and torture is forbidden. If for example the victim and accused are in different classes the jury should be equally from both classes. Beccarias work was then led on by Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) he believed in utilitarianism. He also believed that the society was based on the ideas of pleasure and pain. Beccarias principles led to the French code 1791 which classed everyone as not being similar in the court of law i.e. a sane person is different to an insane person. Benthams work was criticised for not seeing criminals as being individuals. Positivism was born. Andre Guerry (1802-1866) examined if poverty was somehow related to crime. Education was also looked at, whether people with learning difficulties were related to crime and deviance. It was also investigated that although crime was higher in wealthy areas the poor were the most to offend. Two strands of scientific research which were attempted to seek explanation for criminal behaviour was biological and psychological. Biological positivism came from the work of Lombroso, whereby he tried to identify different types of individuals. He examined individuals due to their appearances which apparently showed that they were criminals. This was the concept of atavistic criminal. Psychological positivism emerged in England within the criminal justice institutions. Psychological theories were based on the ideas of the process of the mind in order to understand criminal behaviour. The history and development behind Classicism and Positivism show that they opposed each other. This could be down to the fact that Classicists came from a less modernised time to Positivists and thus lacked in the opportunity to be able to investigate such views as they didnt have the sufficient means to do so. In Classicism, human nature is considered as rational, free and governed by self interest. Human beings are seen to be equal in that they make their own decisions and have free will so therefore able to reason. Classicist criminologists would say the nature of the offender is voluntaristic therefore they make actions on their own accord and they are seen as being responsible for them choosing what they do with their time and also responsible for the consequences that may occur due to their actions. Although free will may not exist perfectly, the criminal law is mainly based on its presumed vitality and forms the foundation for penal sanction (Fogel, 1995, pg183) With positivism, human nature is seen as being determined or prone to certain types of behaviour such as biological and social conditioning and differences with the individual. All individual behaviour is a determined result of circumstances. Positivism say human beings have animal nature which is then socialised into the values within society so that the link from criminal to law abiding citizen in a range or degrees of socialisation. Both Classicism and Positivism oppose here. Classicism says that human nature is seen as rational and that human beings have the capacity to equally reason and to be able to make their own choices for example they may steal from a shop because they want to and also aware of it, whereas Positivism is determined due to biological and social circumstances for example a person from a criminal family may also become a criminal due to child rearing methods.. The Definition of Crime for classicism is that which goes against society. It is not an effect against the state but against the individuals of the society. Individuals of the society abide by the social contract therefore a criminal act which goes against that society would be regulated through legislation they concentrate heavily on the act and not its surroundings such as the reasons, circumstances and influences. Classicism has the view which is founded by the Anglo Saxon law that individuals are free to do what they like as long as it is not forbidden by law. It is about law and morality concerning the protection of the social contract. Positivism defines crime using the word deviant as they view crime as violation of legal codes. As something that may be normal behaviour may be a violation of the legal code. However something that is deviant may not be a violation of the legal codes. They take the value of society which can be scientifically taken and from this it is judged as to whether an act is deviant or not. Classicism defines crime as a violation of the social contract whereby they have free will and self interests and for them to violate the law is breaking the social contract. On the other hand positivism define crime as a violation of the legal code, which in some way is similar to classism as they both define crime as breaching the law. The focus of analysis for classicism is based on the criminal act. Therefore it doesnt take into account of the individuals circumstances. So instead of focussing on the individual, they only see what criminal act they have committed and what the best punishment would be in accordance with the law. The main focus would be the criminal act committed. Positivisms focus of analysis focuses on the offender therefore looks at the offenders characteristics, rather than the offenders criminal acts. Offenders can be scientifically monitored and the reasons that lead up to their criminality can be diagnosed and try and be treated or try and be dealt with in some way. It would be the experts job to try and spot the reasons as to why the conditions that leads to criminality in a particular case. Classicism and positivism oppose here as their focus of analysis differ. Classicism looks mainly at the criminal act and how anyone who has committed a crime will be punished based on their actions however positivism focuses on the offender and look at what may have triggered the individual to have turn to deviant and criminal behaviour in the first place. The whole concept of the Causes of crime for the Classicist paradigm is that it links to the question of rational motivation. The cause of crime is said to be due to rationality, individual choice and irrational choice. The consensual majority where there is proper balance due to reason and self interest, the costs of crime outweighs the benefit. Therefore no one should want to commit crime as this would be an irrational calculation. However some occasions there may be have been benefits which were greater than costs and so crime was seen as a rational calculation. Criminality is basically seen as making the wrong choices which violate the law. Individuals are held to blame for their actions. For positivism the cause of crime is a product of the under socialisation of the individual. This can be a result of number of things such as innate genetic or physiological incapacity of the individual to be easily socialised, family background which is in use of socialisation techniques in child rearing practices. Causes of crime are due to pathology, individual deficiency, its not a matter of the individual making their own choice. If a person is from a family which have a criminal member within them then they are considered to be high risk of committing crime. Every criminal is the result of individual, physical and social conditions Classicism and positivism are similar in the sense that they try to identify the causes of crime. However Classicists believe that individuals make their own conscious choices but Positivist believe that individuals subconsciously are led to crime due to their background and other factors and therefore do not commit crime out of choice. Classicisms response to the crime is punishment. The punishment should be proportionate to the crime. for example if a wealthy women walks out of a shop and is found that she has stolen a pen she should be charged with theft, and if another woman who is poor and walks out of the shop with baby food to feed her child she also should be charged with theft. So therefore classicists would assume that both should be punished for their actions no matter what the circumstances are as people are seen as being capable of being able to make their own choice in what they do so therefore should face the consequences of their actions everyones response to crime should be equal. Rather than being focused towards punishment, Positivists response to crime is treatment towards the offenders. Offenders behaviours are analysed in terms of factors which may be beyond the control of the person. So therefore in order to respond to crime is to be able to understand the reasons as to why the offender acted in this behaviour. All offenders are different from each other thus treatment is seen to have to be individualised. So if they are sentenced for a crime it shouldnt be on nature as to which the crime had been committed, it should take into account the diagnosis of the offender and the form of treatment which should be given to the individual. Classicism and Positivism oppose with each other on the response to crime, classicism focuses on punishing the offender for the crime they have committed whereas positivism focuses on trying to give treatment to the offender and reform, both theories response to crime differ. In order to prevent crime, classicism has the idea of deterrence. As Beccaria viewed that punishments should be equal to offences, to defer criminals from re-offending. Jeremy Bentham assumed that society is based on the notions of pain and pleasure. If the crime is committed and the punishment is more painful therefore the amount of pleasure that is received will prevent the crime, this was based on Benthams moral Formula. Bentham believed that condemning someones actions is more useful than physically harming them. Positivism on the other hand tries to diagnose and classify. They have the idea of early intervention. Individuals learn not to offend when they gain self control, those who do offend dont have self control therefore are likely to control. Child rearing is seen to be a important development in having the ability to have self control which was argued by Gottfredson and Hirschi from the control theory. Poor child rearing methods which involve lack of supervision from parents lead to individuals with low self control which then could turn into them becoming offenders in the future. The way classicism and positivism deal with crime prevention is seen as a similarity, even though both approaches are different, they both try to establish a way to reduce crime. Classicism tries to reduce crime with deterrence and Positivism tries to reduce crime with treatment. The classicist way is to punish in order to deter others whereas positivists try to prevent the crime from occurring from the outset. The classical approach on the operation of the criminal justice system is to take a legal-philosophical approach. The criminal justice system looks at just the criminal act. The rule of law says that each violation of law that has been breached should be treated in the same way. The main aim of the legal proceedings is equality where everyone is seen equal in the eyes of the law. Classicism shows the importance of the clarity in giving a offender a sentencing, the offender should receive a sentencing that ensures the pain from the sentence outweighs the gain from the offence. Positivists take a scientific approach. As offenders are all different and individual, they can be somehow measured and classified in some way. Instead of seeing people in terms of equal rights positivist view emphasises difference. Therefore they can be scientifically studied focusing on areas where there is a high crime rate and low social economy. Classicism take a very different approach as to the operation of the criminal justice system as they take a legal philosophical approach whereby the criminal justice system looks at the criminal act instead of the person who actually committed the crime which differs with the notions of positivism as they take a scientific approach and believe all individuals are different and shouldnt be sentenced based on what criminal act they had committed because there may be factors which may have led to their criminality. Classicism and Positivism are both very influential theories that relate to crime and deviance. We see both approaches in dealing with crime in modern times. Punishment, to punish offenders and deter, and reform methods and education to prevent the crime from happening. Classicism exemplifies its notions through the enlightenment and positivism through moral statistics. They both are very different and therefore oppose and differ on many factors though they do share some similarities. To conclude, the main difference between classism and positivism is that classicists look at punishment and positivism looks at treatment and causes of crime. However one of the main similarities between them is that they both look for causes of crime and have ideas in reducing crime but they have very different views in ways to achieve that result. Classicism and positivism oppose each other to quite an extent, they have some similarities however the amount the both oppose is a lot higher.

Blueprints of My Classroom and Management Essay -- Education Teaching

Blueprints of My Classroom and Management Some people know what they want to do all their lives, others work an entire life before they realize what it is they enjoy doing and some know what they would enjoy doing, but are too stubborn to admit it. I admire those people who have always known what they want to do and stood by it. I was one of those people who knew in a way what I wanted, but was not real confident if it was the job for me. I have always loved school and the learning process. I would play school with my sisters and I was the teacher. What I have really always liked to do is help people in any way that I could. I always thought to improve life and society I had to be in the health care profession. Now, I know that is not always true. I feel teaching is an awesome way to improve society and to help people succeed in life. Teaching is the career I have chosen to fulfill my dreams of helping people live better lives. I have taught at vacation bible school and enjoyed every minute. I taught children of all ages mixed together and the challenge was rewarding. My husband and family support the career choice I have made. When we started learning about the philosophies of education, I did not agree with just one philosophy so I took the philosophies that are important to me and showed how I will use them to expand learning in my classroom. I am a believer in the mixing of the philosophies of progressivism, behaviorism, essentialism, and social reconstructivism. Progressivism will work well in my science classroom since experiments will be conducted and most likely every student would not have enough materials to conduct the experiments alone. With progressivism, children will learn social skills... ...ties that I feel are needed to teach the different needs of students. I feel that organization is the key to a great learning environment. I want my students to be able to count on me to get papers and assignments back in an orderly fashion without losing their work. I feel with organization a teacher knows and plans accordingly with the activity he or she plans to do giving the students enough time to plan and prepare. In my classroom, I want my students to learn to their full potential. I feel that all students are exceptional learners because every child has their weaknesses and their strengths whether physical, mental, behavioral, emotional, or just that subject they have to work really hard to understand. Taking this into account, I want to provide differentiated instruction for these students to learn and grow as an active part of the society in which we live.

Communication Style Case Study Essay

â€Å"Communication is an ongoing, complex ever-changing process between two or more individuals to convey a message† (Hansten & Jackson, 2009). Effective communication in the healthcare field is an essential piece to delivering competent client care. Effective communication is not only needed to relay the importance of instructions and tasks to our peers in the treatment team, but to provide respect to our coworkers and create a positive working environment. Communication styles are important and can contribute or hinder the process of maintaining effective communication in the workplace. This paper aims to analyze the communication styles in four different communication scenarios. Scenario One There are two communication style used in scenario one. The Registered Nurse (RN) engaged in aggressive communication whereas the assistive personnel (AP) engaged in passive communication. Aggressive behavior and communication is hostile in intent and is usually communicated through talking at people and not with people. The aggressive communication was used when the RN belittled the AP with an upraised tone, and inappropriate comments such as,† you are only the aide†, and â€Å"we don’t expect you to think, just to do what we tell you to do.† (Hansten & Jackson, 2009). According to Hansten & Jackson (2009), this communication style successfully suppresses ideas and feedback from others and creates a tension filled relationship (p. 281). This communication style inflicts a tone of supremacy, statements which direct blame, and labeling. These negative communications often times can cause the other person to feel humiliated, angry and hurt. The AP was experien cing feelings of anger and resentment and these feelings elicited a response of revenge in this scenario. The AP in this scenario has shown a passive style of communication because he feels it is necessary to keep his job. Passive behavior is often not idyllic due to it being an act of avoidance to the situation that is presented, which the AP showed by quietly sitting and not voicing his  concerns. People who exhibit passive behavior often have feelings of hurt, embarrassment, fright, coyness, and apprehension. Because of the communication of the RN being aggressive it has evoked a passive behavior and communication style on the part of the AP. The passive communicator allows the anger and resentment to build up which ultimately leads to the passive communicator to expose these feelings through outlets of subtle sabotage, manipulation and punishment. This is exactly what the AP in the scenario exhibited when he thought to begin a plan on how he’d make the RN pay for her comments. This is an example of a cycle of authoritarianism and indirect aggression which results in poor work relationships, the compromise of client care in order to revenge communications and breakdowns in communication between the treatment team. Scenario Two The school nurse in this scenario has chosen a passive non-assertive communication style. This is evident through the nurse choosing to avoid the immediate conflict of confronting the volunteer and choosing to take the work load upon her-self. The problem is not going to be faced which will ultimately lead up to the problems multiplying for the nurse because she physically cannot redo every test performed forever, she will become bitter and angry. â€Å"A passive response is based on the fear of rejection and retaliation caused by displeasing others. Conflict is avoided at the price of denying one’s own feelings and needs† (Hansten & Jackson, 2009). This passive and avoidant behavior can lead to nursing fatigue and burnout. This can also lead to her volunteers feeling confused and angry, thinking the nurse doesn’t value or trust their work. This communication style although not outwardly hostile or aggressive due to avoidance of conflict, can cause feeling of hostility which may lead to manipulative behaviors. The school nurse in this scenario has not corrected the problem by educating her volunteers so the incorrect results will keep being brought to her and she will end up becoming bitter and angry with her volunteers leading to a breakdown in communication and possibly a hostile work environment. Scenario Three This scenario also involved two different communication styles. The manager was using assertive communication and the surgical tech was using aggressive  communication. The manager in this this scenario clearly addressed the problem by expressing what she observed, thought, felt and wanted from the situation. She addressed the problem by approaching the surgical tech and stated her wants without belittling the tech. She was very clear even using the surgical techs job description. This communication style promotes a trusting relationship with other coworkers because they know you will address the problem with them and not talk about the situation inappropriately with other staff member. This communication is essential in healthcare because it is a vital core to effective delegation. This communication does not compromise client care because it addresses problems and sets clear expectations to fix the problem which leads to changes. The surgical tech in this scenario used aggressive communication. This was evident by her statement that she’d â€Å"get Rosa’s head on a platter.†(Hansten & Jackson, 2009). The goal of her claim was to dominate and hurt her manager which is a characteristic of aggressive communication. Threatening your coworkers and superiors shows a lack of respect for the workplace and other. This can compromise the working environment which can lead to a breakdown in patient care.

Insights That Travels Trough Time Essay

The dramatic effect of a masterpiece always depends on the one who views it. John Berger argues about perception and that only few own and experience the proficiency in terms of visual images that shape the cultural memory of a society. Berger opens out and focuses on the power of images (Parks, 2009). He looked up to how others should consider and understand how a certain image could produce â€Å"a new language of images†. Perhaps, he wanted to make each and every artist takes advantage of using his or her works to represent or reflect the ethos that exists in a society. For him the art itself speaks up a rich testimony about the culture and other occurrence in the history. Also Berger establish the notion that those who were unattached from their past, has unbound role and can freely act as an individual or a group. Herewith, it could be assumed that experiences affect how we accept or perceived something or how we or what we believe as true. Further, according to Berger â€Å"The relation between what we see and what we know is never settled†. The truth could be assumed to still rest in the eyes of the viewer. Berger insists to how we people should respond and take importance of what we see. With this, we should learn to read and know what lies behind it. Every image is an instrument that leads us to different region and period (Wong, 2009). If we just learn how to read and decipher the knowledge it offers, then we could freely purchase the vision that the most ignores References: 1. Parks S,. (2009)Studying Culture/Controlling Images. , Retrieve: April 14, 2009 http//www. temple. edu/isllc/sparks 2. Wong M. , (2009)Just in Time :Anamorphosis as a Strategic Survival Visual Tactics. , http://www. para-site. org. hk/_pre/96_txt4. html

Estimation Of GFR Kidney Disease Health And Social Care Essay

AbstractionBackgroundPurpose of our survey was to happen out correlativity between estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ( eGFR ) by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease ( MDRD ) expression and eGFR by Cockcroft-Gault ( CG ) equations, in patients with chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) , and to see whether they can be used interchangeably.MethodWe conducted a cross subdivision survey of 70 patients presented to the nephrology clinic over a period of one twelvemonth. We compared the eGFR by these two expressions in five phases of CKD. Abbreviated 4 variable MDRD expression was used.ConsequenceMDRD consequences were expressed in ml/min/1.73m2 and CG consequences in ml/min. Age scope was 15 – 79 old ages ; Male 49 % , Female 51 % . The correlativity ( R ) between eGFR by MDRD and eGFR by CG for CKD stages 1 to 5 was 0.64 ; 0.31 ; 0.32 ; 0.67 ; and 0.45 severally. The correlativity ( R ) between creatinine clearance by 24 hr urine aggregation to eGFR by MDRD expression was 0.84 ( P: 0.001 ) and to eGFR by CG expression was and 0.79 ( P: 0.001 ) .DecisionWe conclude that Cockcroft-Gault ( CG ) equation correlates best with MDRD expression at CKD phase 4 followed by phase one. Cockcroft-Gault expression underestimated eGFR in phases 1, 2 and 3. We speculate that standardization of Cockcroft-Gault equation to the organic structure surface country of.73m2 will farther better the correlativity but will diminish its utility on bed side. . There is a demand of a big graduated table population based survey to formalize our consequences.Index WORDSMDRD, Cockcroft-Gault, Chronic kidney diseaseIntroduction:Alteration of Diet in Renal Disease ( MDRD ) and Cockcroft-Gault ( CG ) equations are the most common methods of appraisal of Glomerular Filtration Rate ( GFR ) . Both formulas depend upon serum Creatinine to gauge GFR. Creatinine clearance measuring utilizing 24 hours urine aggregation is mostly abandoned in favour of the MDRD and CG expressions. It is chiefly because of the familial troubles in accurate aggregation of 24 hours urine. Cockcroft-Gault expression remained the most common method of bedside appraisal of GFR. It requires weight in add-on to age but still is really easy to utilize without a reckoner or computing machine. This advantage of CG expression is maintaining it alive in spite the of rapid popularity of MDRD expression. Numerous surveies are done to compare these two equations in assorted scenes. However the information from Asia particularly from Pakistan is bare [ 1 ] . Purpose of our survey was to happen out correlativity between the two equations in patients with chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) and to see whether they can be used interchangeably.MethodsWe conducted a cross subdivision survey of 70 patients presented to the nephrology clinic of a third attention infirmary in Karachi Pakistan over a period of 1 twelvemonth from January 2006 to December 2006. Aim of our survey was to happen out correlativity between estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ( eGFR ) by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease ( MDRD ) and eGFR by Cockcroft-Gault ( CG ) equations in patients with chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) and to see whether they can be used interchangeably. Age scope was 15 – 79 old ages. Male were 49 % , female were 51 % . Patients with acute nephritic failure were excluded. All the patients in the survey were divided into five groups harmonizing to the kidney disease outcome quality enterprise ( KDOQI ) categorization of chronic kidney disease as follows: Group 1: GFR & gt ; 90 ; Group 2: GFR 90 – 60 ; Group 3: GFR 30 – 59 ; Group 4: GFR 15 – 29 and group 5: GFR & lt ; 15 ml/ min/1.73m2. Abbreviated four variable MDRD expression was used.to estimated GFR ( ml/min per 1.73 M2 ) utilizing the equation:186 x [ serum creatinine ( mg/dl ) ] -1.154 x ( age ) -0.203 x ( 0.742 if female ) . Estimated GFR utilizing the CG equation ml/min ) was calculated as follows: ( 140 – age ) ten ( weight in kilogram ) /serum creatinine ( mg/dl ) x 72 ten ( 0.85 if female ) . Measured creatinine clearance was calculated by 24 hr urine aggregation and utilizing the expression: creatinine elimination ( mg/kg per twenty-four hours ) divided by serum creatinine ( mg/dl ) divided by 14.4 ( min/d per dl/ml ) . Data was analyzed utilizing SPSS package.ConsequencesMDRD consequences were expressed in ml/min/1.73m2 and CG consequences in ml/min. Mean GFR by MDRD expression for CKD stages 1 to 5 was 111AÂ ±30, 77AÂ ±24, 39AÂ ±9, 21AÂ ±6 and 13AÂ ±4 severally. Mean GFR by Cockcroft-Gault equation for CKD phase 1 to 5 was 119AÂ ±28, 78AÂ ±13, 43AÂ ±7, 23AÂ ±3 and 12AÂ ±2 severally ( t able 1 ) . The correlativity coefficient ( R ) between eGFR by MDRD and eGFR by Cockcroft-Gault for CKD phases 1-5 was 0.64 ; 0.31 ; 0.32 ; 0.67 ; and 0.45 severally ( table 2 ) . Mean and average eGFR by MDRD was 48AÂ ±40 and 32 ( 58-7 ) severally for all patients. Mean and average eGFR by Cockcroft-Gault was 52AÂ ±42 and 36 ( 197-7 ) severally for all patients ( table 3 ) . The Cockcroft-Gault equation correlated best with MDRD expression at CKD phase four followed by the phase one. The eGFR by MDRD was lesser as comparison to by CG, in phases 1, 2 and 3. The creatinine clearance by 24 urine aggregation was correlated to the eGFR by MDRD expression. The R value was 0.84 with p value of 0.001. Similarly the creatinine clearance by 24 urine aggregation was correlated to the eGFR by CG expression. The R value was 0.79 with p value of 0.001. ( Table 4 )DiscussionAccurate measuring of GFR in chronic kidney disease can non be overemphasized. It is particularly of import when GFR reaches near phase 3 and 4. The of import determination like doing AV fistulous withers and induction of nephritic replacing therapy are taken at this clip. There were more than eight expressions introduced to gauge GFR but merely two viz. Cockcroft-Gault ( CG ) and MDRD got the credence by the medical community. The CG Formula was proposed every bit early as 1976 [ 2 ] . Because of its simpleness and bedside usage, it was readily accepted by the doctors. The CG expression enjoyed this monopoly till the MDRD equation was introduced in 1999 [ 3 ] . Twenty four hr urine aggregation for Creatinine clearance measuring is non method of pick because of several booby traps. The most of import being the 24 hr urine aggregation is frequently non accurate. In add-on the serum creatinine remains within normal scope in early phases of CKD due to increased cannular secernment ensuing in overestimate of GFR. Using Inulin clearance to mensurate GFR is really cumbrous and non practical for everyday clinical pattern. Alternatively, the radioactive and non-radioactive based markers e.g. Iothalamate, Iohexol, DTPA and EDTA are used. The isotope based GFR measurings are thought to be the most accurate but they are dearly-won and non available in many research labs. Therefore their public-service corporation is confined practically to research. They are used as a gilded criterion to formalize the truth of eGFR by MDRD or CG equations. In our survey we still used the traditional 24 hr urine aggregation to cipher creatinine clearance. We were really peculiar and thorough in giving the direction to the patients. The strong correlativity of 24 hr creatinine clearance to eGFR by CG every bit good as MDRD expression goes in favour of our premise that urine aggregation was accurate. MDRD survey equation originally required six variables viz. Serum Creatinine, Serum Albumin, Serum Urea Nitrogen, Gender, Age and Race. Later a simpler four variable equation was proposed and is considered to be a good as six variable equation [ 3 ] . This brief MDRD equation requires Serum Creatinine, Age, Gender and Race merely. It does non necessitate Serum Albumin and Serum Urea Nitrogen. The usage of standardised serum creatinine in re-expressed 4 variable MDRD expression improves the truth [ 4, 5 ] . Surveies have shown that accommodation for organic structure surface country improves the truth of Cockcroft-Gault expression [ 6,7 ] . The demand of this simpler four variable MDRD equation raised due to trouble of utilizing 6 variable equation on bedside. However still its chief drawback remains the demand of a computing machine. There are a figure of surveies comparing the MDRD to CG expression with variable consequences. Following is the reappraisal of some of import surveies. MDRD equation provides indifferent and moderately accurate estimations across broad scope of subgroups when GFR is less than 60 ( CKD Stage 3, 4 & A ; 5 ) [ 8 ] . They besides proved to be dependable for followup in CKD patients in longitudinal surveies [ 9 ] . MDRD equation performed better than CG equation in CKD, when GFR was less than 60 ml/min/ 1.73 M2. On the other manus CG equation performed better in healthy kidney givers [ 10 ] . CG expression was less precise than MDRD equation in most instances with average GFR of 59.8 ml/ min/ 1.73 M2s [ 11 ] . In another survey appraisal of GFR in older patients with CKD and average GFR of 53 ml/ min/ 1.73 m2. , the CG Formula was more precise than MDR Formula [ 12 ] . In diabetic patients MDRD every bit good as CG expression correlated good with isotopic GFR measurings, but MDRD equation turned-out to be more accurate [ 13 ] . In ill hospitalized patients the public presentation of MDRD and CG equation was compared, utilizing Iodine iothalamate as a control. MDRD equation performed better [ 14 ] . MDRD Formula as comparison to CG expression underestimates GFR in healthy persons [ 15 ] . MDRD expression was more accurate than CG expression in ESRD patients. However MDRD expression underestimated GFR when inulin clearance was more than 8 ml/min/1.73 M2 and overestimated GFR when inulin clearance was less than 8 ml/min/1.73 M2. On the other manus CG expression overestimated GFR when inulin clearance was less than 13 ml/mim/11.73 M2. [ 16 ] . In patients with CKD but normal serum creatinine, CG Formula was found to be more accurate than MDRD Formula. Measurement of GFR by endogenous and exogenic filtration markers might be the most prudent scheme [ 17 ] .DecisionWe conclude that CG Formula correlates with MDRD equation best at CKD stages 4 and overestimated GFR at phases 1, 2, 3. The two expressions may be used interchangeably at phase 4 & A ; 1. Measurement of 24 hr urine creatinine clearance may still be dependable if patients are counseled decently. Standardization of GFR for organic structure surface country of 1.73 m2.improves the truth of Cockcroft Gualt expression. We speculate that this in bend will better its correlativity with MDRD expression. However we suspect that perplexing the Cockcroft Gualt expression by including the organic structure surface country in equation will diminish its utility on bed side. It is improbable that MDRD expression will replace Cockcroft Gualt expression in clinical medical pattern shortly because of its dependence upon a computing machine plan.

OWhat is the definition of price elasticity of demand Essay

OWhat is the definition of price elasticity of demand - Essay Example The formula for the co-efficient of price elasticity of demand for a good is Factors that determine the PED are the ability of a consumer after a price change to postpone consumption decisions that concern the good and to search for substitutes. Among others include the availability of substitute’s goods in the market structure, where the more the close the substitutes are then, the higher and the elasticity. People can simply switch from one good to the other due to a minor change in price therefore availability of close substitutes have a great effect on demand inelastic (Cohen, 2001). Others include the consumer percentage of income that the product’s price represents as people will tend to pay more interest when purchasing the good because of its cost. Others include the necessity of a good, brand loyalty and the duration that the price change holds in the market (Jehle,

CASE STUDY Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Case Study Example nquiry is present in the story, because Harris highlighted in the general bulletin sent to all employees that Akin will be helping them recognize their strengths and what they are doing right, so that plant work can be done more effectively and efficiently. He emphasized that â€Å"his presence is not due to any particular problem† but a product of the managements desire to â€Å"continuously improve† (211). The management wanted to highlight the identification of strengths of the company in a positive manner, which is aligned with appreciative inquiry. In addition, when Akin conducted his research, he did not ask about problems, but inquired in such a way that will help him gain a strengths-based understanding of the model of work at DuPont. There was no â€Å"judgment† or â€Å"bias† in his research, and instead, there was more emphasis on the strengths of the people. c) Sense-making- Sense-making is applied in the story, because Akin understood the culture and work system of DuPont by researching with the people. This means that together, the researcher and the workers made sense of their experiences and generated the local organization theory that people used to do their work. In addition, the research paved way in identifying and understanding the stock-car racing metaphor that the people used to explain their idea of teamwork and how they worked together. 2) In your opinion, how compatible are these three approaches? Why? What evidence is there in the DuPont story for your answer? As a change manager, to what extent could you utilize insights from each approach? For me, these approaches are compatible, because OD can use sense-making and appreciative inquiry as means of understanding the needs for change, preparing people for change, and collaborating with them to achieve organizational changes. Sense-making, for instance, helped reinforce appreciative inquiry by focusing on the meaning of their work. The evidence is that since these approaches are applied,